Africa

Reading notes

• The Odes §2.16 African purple

  Wool 'twice dyed' in costly African purple, a mark of Grosphus' riches.

• The Odes §2.18 Africa

  The far source of the costly quarried columns Horace does not own.

• The Odes §3.3 Africa

  The continent divided from Europe by the 'middle water.'

• The Odes §3.16 Africa

  'Fertile Africa,' whose rich ruler is less happy than the poet by his stream.

• The Odes §4.8 Africa

  'Conquered Africa,' from which Scipio 'won his name.'

• The Satires §2.3 as Africa reaps

  The Roman grain-province of North Africa; 'as much grain as Africa reaps' figures a colossal, crushing bequest.